School of Earth and Environment
Untitled Document

David Banks Dr David Banks

Principal Research Fellow: Geochemistry; Health & Safety Coordinator; First Aid Coordinator

Telephone number: +44(0) 113 34 35244 / 31647
Email address: d.banks@see.leeds.ac.uk
Room: 10.116

Full list of publications

Publications

  • Richard, A; Banks, DA; Mercadier, J; Boiron, MC; Cuney, M; Cathelineau, M (2011) An evaporated seawater origin for the ore-forming brines in unconformity-related uranium deposits (Athabasca Basin, Canada): Cl/Br and delta Cl-37 analysis of fluid inclusions, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, 75, pp.2792-2810. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.026
  • Mazzini, A; Svensen, H; Etiope, G; Onderdonk, N; Banks, D (2011) Fluid origin, gas fluxes and plumbing system in the sediment-hosted Salton Sea Geothermal System (California, USA) , JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH, 205, pp.67-83. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.05.008
  • Luders, V; Plessen, B; Romer, RL; Weise, SM; Banks, DA; Hoth, P; Dulski, P; Schettler, G (2010) Chemistry and isotopic composition of Rotliegend and Upper Carboniferous formation waters from the North German Basin, CHEM GEOL, 276, pp.198-208. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.06.006
  • Bouabdellah, M; Banks, D; Kluegel, A (2010) Comments on "A late Triassic (40)Ar/(39)Ar age for the El Hammam high-REE fluorite deposit (Morocco): mineralization related to the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province?" by Cheilletz et al. (Mineralium Deposita 45:323-329, 2010) , MINERALIUM DEPOSITA, 45, pp.729-731. doi:10.1007/s00126-010-0288-5
  • James-Smith, J; Cauzid, J; Testemale, D; Liu, W; Hazemann, J; Proux, O; Etschmann, B; Philippot, P; Banks, D; Williams, P; Brugger, J (2010) Arsenic speciation in fluid inclusions using micro-beam X-ray absorption spectroscopy , AMERICAN MINERALOGIST, 95, pp.921-932. doi:10.2138/am.2010.3411
  • Sanchez, V; Vindel, E; Martin-Crespo, T; Corbella, M; Cardellach, E; Banks, D (2009) Sources and composition of fluids associated with fluorite deposits of Asturias (N Spain) , GEOFLUIDS, 9, pp.338-355. doi:10.1111/j.1468-8123.2009.00259.x
  • Mazzini, A; Svensen, H; Planke, S; Guliyev, I; Akhmanov, GG; Fallik, T; Banks, D (2009) When mud volcanoes sleep: Insight from seep geochemistry at the Dashgil mud volcano, Azerbaijan , MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY, 26, pp.1704-1715. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.11.003
  • Heijlen, W; Banks, DA; Muchez, P; Stensgard, BM; Yardley, BWD (2008) The Nature of Mineralizing Fluids of the Kipushi Zn-Cu Deposit, Katanga, Democratic Repubic of Congo: Quantitative Fluid Inclusion Analysis using Laser Ablation ICP-MS and Bulk Crush-Leach Methods, ECON GEOL, 103, pp.1459-1482.
  • Garnier, V; Giuliani, G; Ohnenstetter, D; Fallick, AE; Dubessy, J; Banks, D; Vinh, HQ; Lhomme, T; Maluski, H; Pecher, A; Bakhsh, KA; Van Long, P; Trinh, PT; Schwarz, D (2008) Marble-hosted ruby deposits from Central and Southeast Asia: Towards a new genetic model , ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS, 34, pp.169-191. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2008.03.003
  • Pique, A; Canals, A; Grandia, F; Banks, DA (2008) Mesozoic fluorite veins in NE Spain record regional base metal-rich brine circulation through basin and basement during extensional events, CHEM GEOL, 257, pp.139-152. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.028
  • Little, CTS; Magalashvili, AG; Banks, DA (2007) Neotethyan Late Cretaceous volcanic arc hydrothermal vent fauna, GEOLOGY, 35, pp.835-838. doi:10.1130/G23957A.1
  • Svensen, H; Karlsen, DA; Sturz, A; Backer-Owe, K; Banks, DA; Planke, S (2007) Processes controlling water and hydrocarbon composition in seeps from the Salton Sea geothermal system, California, USA, GEOLOGY, 35, pp.85-88. doi:10.1130/G23101A.1
  • Neumayr, P; Hagemann, SG; Banks, DA; Yardley, BWD; Couture, JF; Landis, GP; Rye, R (2007) Fluid chemistry and evolution of hydrothermal fluids in an Archaean transcrustal fault zone network: the case of the Cadillac Tectonic Zone, Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada, CAN J EARTH SCI, 44, pp.745-773. doi:10.1139/E06-130
  • Huizenga, JM; Gutzmer, J; Banks, DA; Greyling, L (2006) The Paleoproterozoic carbonate-hosted Pering Zn-Pb deposit, South Africa. II: fluid inclusion, fluid chemistry and stable isotope constraints, Mineralium Deposita, 40, pp.686-706.
  • Chiaradia, M; Banks, DA; Cliff, RA; Marschik, R; de Haller, A (2006) Origin of fluids in iron oxide-copper-gold deposits: constraints from ƒÔ37Cl, 87Sr/86Sri and Cl/Br., Mineralium Deposita, 41, pp.517-525. doi:10.1007/s00126-006-0082-6
  • Allan, MM; Yardley, BWD; Forbes, LJ; Shmulovich, KI; Banks, DA; Shepherd, TJ (2005) Validation of LA-ICP-MS fluid inclusion analysis with synthetic fluid inclusions, AM MINERAL, 90, pp.1767-1775.
  • Muchez, PH; Heijlen, W; Banks, DA; Blundell, D; Boni, M; Grandia, F (2005) Extensional tectonics and the timing and formation of basin-hosted deposits in Europe. , Ore Geology Reviews, 27, pp.241-267. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.07.013
  • Luders, V; Romer, RL; Cabral, AR; Schmidt, C; Banks, DA; Schneider, J (2005) Genesis of itabirite-hosted Au-Pd-Pt-bearing hematite-(quartz) veins, Quadrilatero Ferrifero, Minas Gerais, Brazil: constraints from fluid inclusion infrared microthermometry, bulk crush-leach analysis and U-Pb systematics, MINER DEPOSITA, 40, pp.289-306. doi:10.1007/s00126-005-0024-8
  • Essarraj, S; Boiron, MC; Cathelineau, M; Banks, DA; Benharref, M (2005) Penetration of surface-evaporated brines into the Proterozoic basement and deposition of Co and Ag at Bou Azzer (Morocco): Evidence from fluid inclusions, J AFR EARTH SCI, 41, pp.25-39. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.03.001
  • Derome, D; Cathelineau, M; Cuney, M; Fabre, C; Lhomme, T; Banks, DA (2005) Mixing of sodic and calcic brines and uranium deposition at McArthur River, Saskatchewan, Canada: A Raman and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic study of fluid inclusions, ECON GEOL, 100, pp.1529-1545.
  • Moller, P; Woith, H; Dulski, P; Luders, V; Erzinger, J; Kampf, H; Pekdeger, A; Hansen, B; Lodemann, M; Banks, DA (2005) Main and trace elements in KTB-VB fluid: composition and hints to its origin, Geofluids, 5, pp.28-41. doi:10.1111/j.1468-8123.2004.00104.x
  • Luders, V; Reutel, C; Hooth, P; Banks, DA; Mingram, B; Pettke, T (2005) Fluid and gas migration in the North German Basin: fluid inclusion and stable isotope constraints, International Journal of Earth Sciences, 94, pp.990-1009. doi:10.1007/s00531-005-0013-2
  • Tritlla, J; Gonzalez-Partida, E; Levresse, G; Banks, DA; Pironon, J (2004) Fluorite deposits at Encantada-Buenavista, Mexico: products of Mississippi Valley type processes, Ore Geology Reviews, 25, pp.329-332. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2004.04.005
  • Foriel, J; Philippot, P; Rey, P; Somogyi, A; Banks, DA; Menez, B (2004) Biological control of Cl/Br and low sulfate concentration in a 3.5-Gyr-old seawater from North Pole, Western Australia, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 228, pp.451-463. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.034
  • Godon, A; Jendrzejewski, N; Eggenkamp, HGM; Banks, DA; Ader, M; Coleman, ML; Pineau, F (2004) A cross-calibration of chlorine isotopic measurements and suitability of seawater as the international reference material, CHEM GEOL, 207, pp.1-12. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.11.019
  • Dewaele, S; Muchez, PH; Banks, DA (2004) Fluid evolution along multistage composite fault systems at the southern margin of the Lower Palaeozoic Anglo-Brabant fold belt, Belgium, GEOFLUIDS, 4, pp.341-356.
  • Bridges, JC; Banks, DA; Smith, M; Grady, MM (2004) Halite and stable chlorine isotopes in the Zag H3-6 breccia, METEORIT PLANET SCI, 39, pp.657-666.
  • Marignac, C; Diagana, B; Cathelineau, M; Boiron, MC; Banks, DA; Fourcade, S; Vallance, J (2003) Remobilisation of base metals and gold by Variscan metamorphic fluids in the south Iberian pyrite belt: evidence from the Tharsis VMS deposit, Chemical Geology, 194, pp.143-165. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00275-9
  • Planke, S; Svensen, H; Hovland, M; Banks, DA; Jamtveit, B (2003) Mud and fluid migration in active mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan, GEO-MAR LETT, 23, pp.258-268.
  • Grandia, F; Canals, A; Cardellach, E; Banks, DA (2003) Origin of ore forming brines in sedimentary-hosted Zn-Pb deposits: seawater vs. halite dissolution, Economic Geology, 98, pp.1397-1412. doi:10.2113/98.7.1397
  • Heijlen, W; Muchez, P; Banks, DA; Schneider, J; Kuchia, H; Keppens, E (2003) Carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposits in Upper Silesia, Poland: Origin and evolution of mineralizing fluids and constraints on genetic models, ECON GEOL BULL SOC, 98, pp.911-932.
  • Yardley, BWD; Bennett, AJ; Banks, DA (2003) Controls on the chemical composition of crustal brines, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 78-9, pp.133-135. doi:10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00096-7
  • Gutzmer, J; Banks, DA; Luders, V; Hoefs, J; Beukes, NJ; von Bezing, KL (2003) Ancient sub-seafloor alteration of basaltic andesites of the Ongeluk Formation, South Africa: implications for the chemistry of Paleoproterozoic seawater, CHEM GEOL, 201, pp.37-53. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(03)00225-0
  • Grandia, F; Canals, A; Cardellach, E; Banks, DA; Perona, J (2003) Origin of ore-forming brines in sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits of the Basque-Cantabrian basin, northern Spain, ECON GEOL BULL SOC, 98, pp.1397-1411.
  • Germann, K; Luders, V; Banks, DA; Simon, K; Hoefs, J (2003) Late Hercynian polymetallic vein-type base-metal mineralization in the Iberian Pyrite Belt: fluid-inclusion and stable-isotope geochemistry (S-O-H-Cl), MINER DEPOSITA, 38, pp.953-967. doi:10.1007/s00126-002-0342-z
  • Grandia, F; Cardellach, E; Canals, A; Banks, DA (2003) Geochemistry of the fluids related to epigenetic carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposits in the Maestrat basin, eastern Spain: Fluid inclusion and isotope (Cl, C, O, S, Sr) evidence, ECON GEOL BULL SOC, 98, pp.933-954.
  • Heijlen, W; Muchez, P; Banks, DA; Schneider, J; Kucha, H (2003) Origin and evolution of the mineralising fluids of the Polish MVT deposits: further constraints on the metallogenic model, Economic Geology, 98, pp.911-932. doi:10.2113/98.5.911
  • Giuliani, G; Dubessy, J; Banks, DA; Vinh, HQ; Lhomme, T; Pironon, J; Ross, V; Trinh, PT; Long, PV; Scanlon, D; Schwarz, D (2003) CO2-H2S-COS-S8-AlO(OH)-bearing fluid inclusions in ruby from marble-hosted deposits in Luc Yen area, North Vietnam, Chemical Geology, 194, pp.167-185. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00276-0
  • Boiron, MC; Cathelineau, M; Banks, DA; Fourcade, S; Vallance, J (2003) Mixing of metamorphic and surficial fluids during the uplift of the Hercynian upper crust: consequences for gold deposition, CHEMICAL GEOLOGY, 194, pp.119-141.
  • Fabre, C; Boiron, MC; Dubessy, J; Cathelineau, M; Banks, DA (2002) Palaeofluid chemistry of a single fluid event: a bulk and in-situ multi-technique analysis (LIBS, Raman Spectroscopy) of an Alpine fluid (Mont-Blanc), CHEM GEOL, 182, pp.249-264.
  • Guedes, A; Noronha, F; Boiron, MC; Banks, DA (2002) Evolution of fluids associated with metasedimentary sequences from Chaves (North Portugal), CHEM GEOL, 190, pp.273-289.
  • Luders, V; Banks, DA; Halbach, P (2002) Extreme Cl/Br and delta Cl-37 isotope fractionation in fluids of modern submarine hydrothermal systems, MINER DEPOSITA, 37, pp.765-771. doi:10.1007/s00126-002-0309-0
  • Banks, DA; Boyce, AJ; Samson, IM (2002) Constraints on the origins of fluids forming Irish Zn-Pb-Ba deposits: Evidence from the composition of fluid inclusions, ECON GEOL BULL SOC, 97, pp.471-480.
  • Boiron, MC; Cathelineau, M; Banks, DA; Buschaert, S; Fourcade, S; Coulibaly, Y; Michelot, JL; Boyce, A (2002) Fluid transfers at a basement/cover interface Part II. Large-scale introduction of chlorine into the basement by Mesozoic basinal brines, CHEM GEOL, 192, pp.121-140.
  • Grancea, L; Bailly, L; Leroy, J; Banks, DA; Marcoux, E; Milesi, JP; Cuney, M; Andre, AS; Istvan, D; Fabre, C (2002) Fluid evolution in the Baia Mare epithermal gold / polymetallic district, Inner Carpathians, Romania, Mineralium Deposita, 37, pp.630-647. doi:10.1007/s00126-002-0276-5
  • Cleverley, JS; Yardley, BWD; Willan, RCR; Banks, DA (2001) Measuring salt in magmas: implications for mineralization?, Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy - Section B, B110, pp.51.
  • Svensen, H; Jamtveit, B; Banks, DA; Karlsen, D (2001) Fluids and halogens at the diagenetic-metamorphic boundary: evidence from veins in continental basins, western Norway, Geofluids, 1, pp.53-70. doi:10.1046/j.1468-8123.2001.11003.x
  • Luders, V; Banks, DA; Hallbach, P (2001) Cl/Br and delta37Cl isotope fractionation in fluids of modern submarine hydrothermal systems, Mineralium Deposita, 37, pp.765-771. doi:10.1007/s00126-002-0309-0
  • Gleeson, SA; Wilkinson, JJ; Stuart, FM; Banks, DA (2001) The origin and evolution of base metal mineralising brines and hydrothermal fluids, South Cornwall, UK, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, 65, pp.2067-2079.
  • Cann, JR; Banks, DA (2001) Constraints on the genesis of the mineralization of the Alston Block, Northern Pennine Orefield, northern England, P YORKS GEOL SOC, 53, pp.187-196.
  • Heijlen, W; Muchez, P; Banks, DA (2001) Origin and evolution of high-salinity, Zn-Pb mineralising fluids in the Variscides of Belgium, MINER DEPOSITA, 36, pp.165-176.
  • Boiron, MC; Barakat, A; Cathelineau, M; Banks, DA; Durisova, J; Moravek, P (2001) Geometry and P-V-T-X conditions of microfissural ore fluid migration: the Mokrsko gold deposit (Bohemia), CHEMICAL GEOLOGY, 173, pp.207-225.
  • Pitcairn, I; Banks, DA; Benning, LG; Shinohara, H; Goff, F (2001) delta 37Cl and Cl/Br systematics of volcanic gases, Water-Rock Interaction, 10, pp.903-906.
  • Svensen, H; Jamtveit, B; Banks, DA; Austrheim, H (2001) Halogen contents of eclogite facies fluid inclusions and minerals: Caledonides, western Norway, J METAMORPH GEOL, 19, pp.165-178.
  • Banks, DA; Green, R; Cliff, RA; Yardley, BWD (2000) Chlorine isotopes in fluid inclusions: determination of the origins of salinity in magmatic fluids, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64, pp.1785-1789.
  • Pitcairn, I; Banks, DA (2000) delta37Cl and Cl/Br systematics in volcanic gases, Euresco conferences: Geochemistry of crustal fluids, Granada, pp.85.
  • McCaig, AM; Tritlla, J; Banks, DA (2000) Fluid flow patterns during Pyrenean thrusting, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 69/70, pp.539-543.
  • Guedes, A; Noronha, F; Boiron, MC; Banks, DA (2000) Evolution of fluids associated with metasedimentary sequences from Chaves - North Portugal, Euresco conferences: Geochemistry of Crustal Fluids, Granada, pp.62.
  • McCaig, AM; Guest, R; Graham, C; Banks, DA (2000) Generation of permeability in metamorphic rocks by reaction with basinal brines: dolomitisation in the SW Highlands of Scotland, Goldschmidt 2000, 5, pp.684.
  • McCaig, AM; Tritlla, J; Banks, DA (2000) Fluid mixing and recycling during Pyrenean thrusting: evidence from fluid inclusion halogen ratios, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64, pp.3395-3412.
  • Banks, DA; Yardley, BWD (2000) Tracing brines in crustal processes, Goldschmidt 2000, 5, pp.187.
  • Banks, DA; Giuliani, G; Yardley, BWD; Cheilletz, A (2000) Emerald mineralisation in Colombia: fluid chemistry and the role of brine mixing, Mineralium Deposita, 35, pp.699-713.
  • Calvert, C; Brydson, RMD; Lloyd, GE; Banks, DA (2000) Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy in the TEM and its applications within the geosciences, Geochemistry Group of the Mineralogical and Geological Societies, Research in Progress Meeting, .
  • Noronha, F; Cathelineau, M; Boiron, MC; Banks, DA; Dória, A; Ribeiro, MA; Nogueira, P; Guedes, A (2000) A three stage fluid flow model for Variscan gold metallogenesis in northern Portugal, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 71, pp.209-224.
  • Heijlen, W; Muchez, PH; Banks, DA; Nielsen, P (2000) Origin and geochemical evolution of pre-, syn- and post-tectonic high-salinity fluids at the Varisan thrust front in Belgium. , Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 69-70, pp.149-152.
  • Yardley, BWD; Gleeson, SA; Bruce, S; Banks, DA (2000) Origin of retrograde fluids in metamorphic rocks, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 69-70, pp.281-285.
  • Yardley, BWD; Banks, DA; Barnicoat, AC (2000) The chemistry of crustal brines: tracking their origins, In: Porter, TM (Ed) Hydrothermal iron oxide copper-gold and related deposits, Australian Mineral Foundation, pp.61-70.
  • Banks, DA; Gleeson, SA; Green, R (2000) Determination of the origin of salinity in magmatic fluids: evidence from chlorine isotopes in fluid inclusions, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 69-70, pp.309-312.
  • Noronha, F; Lourenco, A; Banks, DA (1999) The tungsten-tin ore deposit of Panasquiera, Portugal (revisited), In: Stanley, CJ (Ed) Mineral deposits: process to processing, A.A. Balkema, pp.75-78.
  • Boiron, MC; Moissette, A; Cathelineau, M; Banks, DA; Monnin, C; Dubessy, J (1999) Detailed determination of palaeofluid chemistry: an integrated study of sulphate-volatile rich brines and aquo-carbonic fluids in quartz veins from Ouro Fino (Brazil), Chemical Geology, 154, pp.179-192.
  • Heijlen, W; Muchez, P; van Hoof, P; Banks, DA (1999) Origin of Pb-Zn mineralising fluids in the Variscides of Belgium, In: Stanley, CJ (Ed) Mineral deposits: process to processing, A.A. Balkema, pp.869-872.
  • Bruce, S; Yardley, BWD; Banks, DA; Boyce, AJ; Munoz, M; Courjault-Rade, P; Tollon, F (1999) Mineralising brines in the south west Massif Central, France, In: Stanley, CJ (Ed) Mineral deposits: process to processing, A.A. Balkema, pp.29-32.
  • Hagemann, SG; Barley, ME; Folkert, SL; Yardley, BWD; Banks, DA (1999) A hydrothermal origin for the giant BIF-hosted Tom Price iron ore deposit, In: Stanley, CJ (Ed) Mineral deposits: process to processing, A.A. Balkema, pp.41-44.
  • Crespo, TM; Lopez, JA; Banks, DA; Vindel, E; Garcia, E (1999) Hydrothermal fluids in barren quartz veins (Spanish Central System). A comparison with W-(Sn) and F-(Ba) veins, Sociedad Espanola de Mineralogia. Boletin, 22, pp.83-94.
  • Gleeson, SA; Banks, DA; Everett, CE; Wilkinson, JJ; Samson, IM; Boyce, AJ (1999) Origin of mineralising fluids in Irish-type deposits: constraints from halogens, In: Stanley, CJ (Ed) Mineral deposits: process to processing, A.A. Balkema, pp.857-860.
  • Noronha, F; Cathelineau, M; Boiron, MC; Dória, A; Nogueira, P; Banks, DA (1998) Fluid evolution in Late Hercynian Au-quartz veins in Northern Portugal. Metallogenic implications, In: Arias, D; Martin-Izard, A; Paniagua, A (Ed) Gold exploration and mining in NW Spain, Gold exploration and mining in NW Spain, pp.160-164.
  • Bruce, S; Banks, DA; Munoz, M; Courjault-Rade, P; Tollon, F; Boyce, AJ; Fallick, AE (1998) The genesis of mineralising brines in the South West Massif Central, France, Mineralogical Magazine, 62a, pp.238-239.
  • Essarraj, S; Boiron, MC; Cathelineau, M; Banks, DA; El Boukhari, A; Chouhaidi, MY (1998) Brines related to Ag deposition in the Zgounder silver deposit (Anti-Atlas, Morocco), European Journal of Mineralogy, 10, pp.1201-1214.
  • Meere, PA; Banks, DA (1997) Upper crustal fluid migration: an example from the Variscides of SW Ireland, Journal of the Geological Society, 154, pp.975-985.
  • Boiron, MC; Cathelineau, M; Banks, DA; Yardley, BWD; Noronha, F; Miller, MF (1996) P-T-X conditions of late Hercynian fluid penetration and the origin of granite-hosted gold quartz veins in northwestern Iberia: a multidisciplinary study of fluid inclusions and their chemistry, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, pp.43-57.
  • Wayne, DM; Miller, MF; Scrivener, RC; Banks, DA (1996) U-Pb and Rb-Sr isotope systematics of fluids associated with mineralization of the Dartmoor granite, southwest England, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, pp.653-666.
  • Smith, M; Banks, DA; Yardley, BWD; Boyce, AJ (1996) Fluid inclusion and stable isotope constraints on the genesis of the Cligga Head Sn-W deposit, S.W. England, European Journal of Mineralogy, 8, pp.961-974.
  • Laguna, RG; Banks, DA; Garcia, JAL; Vindel, E (1996) Geoquímica y origen de los fluidos asociados a los yacimientos de fluorita de "Berbes-La Cabaña" y "La Collada" (Asturias): The chemistry and origin of the fluids related to the fluorites from "Berbes-La Cabaña" + "La Collada" (Asturias), Geogaceta, 20, pp.1571-1572.